DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is the most abundant steroid hormone in the body, and its decline with age correlates with nearly every disease of aging. The evidence for DHEA supplementation is compelling.
What Is DHEA?
DHEA is produced primarily by the adrenal glands and is the precursor to both testosterone and estrogen. It is the most abundant steroid hormone in the bloodstream, with peak levels in the mid-20s followed by a steady decline of approximately 2% per year.
By age 70, DHEA levels are typically 10-20% of peak levels. This decline correlates with the onset of many diseases of aging.
The Evidence for DHEA
Cardiovascular health: Low DHEA levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk in multiple observational studies. DHEA supplementation improves endothelial function, reduces inflammatory markers, and improves insulin sensitivity.
Immune function: DHEA has immunomodulatory effects — it enhances immune responses that decline with aging. Low DHEA is associated with increased susceptibility to infection and reduced vaccine efficacy.
Bone density: DHEA supplementation increases bone density in postmenopausal women and elderly men, reducing fracture risk.
Cognitive function: Low DHEA levels are associated with cognitive decline. DHEA supplementation has shown modest improvements in memory and cognitive function in some studies.
DHEA is the most abundant steroid hormone in the body. Its decline from peak levels to 10-20% by age 70 correlates with the onset of virtually every disease of aging.
Mood and well-being: DHEA supplementation consistently improves mood, energy, and sense of well-being in elderly individuals with low DHEA levels.
Sexual function: DHEA supplementation improves libido and sexual function in both men and women with low DHEA levels.
The Adrenal Fatigue Connection
Chronic stress depletes DHEA by driving cortisol production at the expense of DHEA synthesis. This "cortisol steal" may explain why chronic stress accelerates aging and increases disease risk.
Dosing and Safety
DHEA supplementation at 25-50 mg/day is generally safe and well-tolerated. Higher doses may cause acne, hair loss, and virilization in women. Blood levels should be monitored to avoid supraphysiological levels.
DHEA is available over-the-counter in the United States but requires a prescription in most other countries. The 7-keto DHEA form does not convert to testosterone or estrogen and may be preferred for individuals concerned about hormonal effects.
The Bottom Line
DHEA supplementation is one of the most evidence-based anti-aging interventions available. For individuals over 50 with low DHEA levels, supplementation at 25-50 mg/day is a reasonable intervention with a favorable risk-benefit profile.
