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Why We Get Fat: how bad diet screws the weight regulatory system

Modification (3-22-22):  If your weight loss greatly diminishes, usually around 2-months, cut backn on net carbs (fiber).  The gut bacteria--like with a cow--metabolize the fiber extracellularly (outside the cell) and about 60% of the digested fiber (glucose) will be absorbed by the intestines, the remaining by the bacteria.  With lots of fiber the insulin level could rise, then the fat tissue hormone leptin will in about 2 months lower metabolism and increase hunger.  Insulin besides regulating uptake of glucose from the blood, the conversion of fatty acids to the storage form of triglycerides, it also regulates leptin, the leptin that increases appetite and diminishes metabolism.  Thus, if you metabolize 2,500 calories a day, metabolism will slow to 2,000 calories a day. 

Why We Get Fat, and what to do about it! --  http://healthfully.org/rc/id23.html, radi/id1 10/15/16                 IR = Insulin Resistance    NAFLD = Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease     T2D = Type-2 Diabetes   CardioVascular Disease (CVD) definitions on the next page (read first—most of which was taught in high school biology)

All mammals have a complex regulatory system for appetite, metabolism, and fat storage.  There are over eighty hormones involved in the system.  The Western diet is high the carbs fructose and glucose.  Fructose causes a fatty liver (NAFLD) which mucks up the regulatory systems leading to the IR, & that to obesity, T2D, CVD, etc.  Glucose and proteins raise insulin levels, and insulin causes cells to burn glucose and thus to STORE FAT!  IR causes excess fat storage.  Causes:  The reactive sugar fructose (1/2 of sucrose) goes to the liver where through glycation it damages the liver cells.  This causes IR in the liver and thus excess fat storage (NAFLD) there.  The damaged liver now fails to properly help regulate blood glucose resulting in IR in muscles, fat cells, etc. to cause excess fat storage in those cells.  Once too much fat storage occurs the pancreas production of insulin becomes insufficient to manage blood glucose resulting in T2D.  On a weight-loss diet the fat tissue through the hormone leptin it produces functions to maintain current weight by increasing appetite and reducing metabolism.  Even after losing weight, this system works to restore the fat—the yo-yo diet.  Goals:  to metabolize the excess fat in the liver and pancreas thus to reset the regulatory system by curing IR & also leptin resistance.  To do this requires just fasting & sugar-carb restriction.   Follow the dollars and you will find out why we have the high sugar (151 lbs. US average) Western diet and the wrong advice (diet & exercise)--for long version.

Fix:   Short-term o alternate day fasting with very low carb & high fat  diet to metabolize fat metabolizing mode.      

   Fructose converted to fat in the liver and high glucose via insulin causes fat storage in liver (the 1-2 punch)

Fatty liver >>>> IR in liver >>>> IR in muscle and fat tissues >>>> IR causes abnormal high insulin >>>> excess fat storage

T2D and obesity are cured with fasting.  For example in the first 2-weeks following bariatric surgery over 80% with T2D are cured before major weight loss.  With low carb diet and alternate day-fasting the cure takes 2-6 months.

Simple fix:  it starts with supermarket.  For B) & C) just buy wholesome, very low net-carb foods (on food label, carbs minus fiber) with low glycemic (table).  The goal is to stay in the fat burning mode by not eating easily digestible carbs.         

A)  Good health:    lower carbs, cut sugars, and take JK short fast at least once weekly and follow JK food table.

B)  Insulin resistant, obesity:   JK short fast daily and the New Atkins Diet (replace carbs with fats for energy). This diet is low carbs to start, with no other limits; later increase carbs.  JK has added several healthful modifications, at link.  

C)  T2D and morbid obesity:   start with B) and if after 4 months the fasting glucose and HbA-1c are still high then fast every other day for 24 hours.  Burning the excess fat in the liver and pancreas is the fix.  Watch Dr. Jason Fung lectures at “diabetes” on video page.  The more you learn, the more committed you will become to curing T2D and obesity.

I recommend for B) & C) a gradual approach to the low carbs induction phase of the New Atkins diet:  start with quitting sugars and adjusting to that while gradually cutting net carbs to 30 grams daily—it starts in the supermarket and family support. I & others find fasting quite easy.  Stop eating at 7 PM or earlier, and continued to 11 AM or later.  For hunger nibble leafy vegetables, and drink tea, coffee black and bullion soups. 

JK short fast:  extending the beneficial nighttime fat burning to produce ATP (the energy molecule) to midday.  Because of not eating at night serum glucose is low, thus little insulin is secreted by the pancreas.  The body must metabolize fat to produce ATP.  There is no loss in energy when fat burning and alertness and mood are good because of the production of catecholamines—neural transmitters—when fat burning.  Fasting hastens weight loss, and also burns liver & pancreas fat to cure IR and T2D.  We are a social, loquacious animal; therefore watch the diet documentary links at my website.    

 

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The best source on what to eat for health, for diet, and related topics.  In the rh section are articles which lay out the evidence for what is found there and dja has journal articles on rancid fats, diet, etc.  Important are Part 5 on supplements, Part 6 which covers many of the topics here, and Part 10 on the New Atkins diet.  The large Videos library with brief descriptions has links to YouTube.  It confirms the claims here--and other major health topic.  The links to ABC, CBC, and BBC national networks expose what U.S. corporate media hides about diet.  Knowledge is part of the cure.   

Adipocytes (lipocytes) fat cells compose adipose tissue & secrete hormones resistin, adiponectin, leptin and apelin.  

ATP, Adenosine TriPhosphate (adenosine with 3 phosphate molecules (PO4) attached), transfers chemical energy within the cell through the loss of one of its phosphate groups.  In the mitochondria ADP returns to the high energy state ATP 3(PO4) through absorbing energy from the metabolism of carbohydrates & fats.  ATP provides the energy for over 90% of the biosynthesis:  for muscle contraction, hormones, collagen, etc. and for intra and intercellular active transport.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes cigarettes and a high sugar diet by causing  endothelial dysfunction of the artery walls.  These cells permit pathogens to colonize in the artery walls to cause inflammation, atherosclerosis, and CVD.

Carbohydrate (carb):  fiber, fructose, glucose, glycogen, starch, sucrose, lactose, net carbs (total carbs minus fiber):

Fiber, vegetable fiber, roughage,  the carbohydrate component not broken down by digestive enzymes, but some is by gut bacteria.  Fiber has more than ten sugar units.  It lowers the insulin spike when consumed with refined carbs. 

Fructose (fruit sugar) a monosaccharide; main sources are fruits, the disaccharide sucrose, and high fructose corn syrup.  Fructose is only metabolized in the liver.   Fructose is a net 15 more reactive then glucose and by glycation damages proteins throughout the body to cause age related chronic diseases. In the liver it causes IR and NAFLD. 

Glucose a monosaccharide is the main energy storage molecule for plants; in humans 1-2-lbs is stored as long-chain glycogen a backup energy source stored in muscles, fat and liver cells.  Glucose is as one half of sucrose, and is also obtained from the hydrolysis of the digestible starches.  Glucose and fat are the main sources for production of ATP.

 Starch is long chains of glucose units (polysaccharide) that is produced mostly by green plants for energy storage. 

Sucrose, table sugar, a disaccharide produced by plants that is hydrolyzed in the stomach into the sugars fructose and   glucose, the forms which are absorbed, circulated in the blood, and active transported into certain cells. 

Glycation:  a process where a monosaccharide (simple sugar) randomly attaches to mainly proteins, and this adversely affects their functions, thus glycation is a major cause of our chronic age-related diseases. 

Fat (Free Fatty acids and triglycerides): up to 24 carbon molecules with an organic acid or glycerol molecule on end.

Incretin: class of hormones secreted by the stomach and intestines which causes insulin secretion and produces satiety.

Insulin: a gateway hormone is produced by the pancreas.  Its main function is to have cells absorb glucose and store fat.  Insulin also regulates other hormones including leptin.  Low insulin is the cause of type 1 and 2 diabetes. 

Insulin resistance (IR):   a condition of higher than normal amount of blood insulin to manage blood glucose due to a diminished response to insulin by various tissues.  The pancreas then releases even more insulin to lower blood glucose.

Ketogenic diet (very low carbohydrate diet):  it forces the body to rely upon just fats to produce ATP to cause weight loss without restricting calories.  It is named refers to the ketones produced in this metabolic natural process

Leptin:  produced by fat cells is in part regulated by insulin.  Leptin in the brain suppresses appetite and it also regulates metabolism.  Leptin is responsible for the 25% reduction in metabolism plus increased appetite that eventually occurs during an energy-restricted diet.  Leptin functions to maintain fat storage and to restore weight even years later.  

Lipids are a group of naturally occurring fat like molecules including waxes, sterols, fats, phospholipids, and others.

Metabolism in reference to diet refers to the metabolic conversion of mainly either fat or carbohydrate into the energy molecule ATP mostly by the mitochondria.  Under conditions of starvation proteins also can be used to make ATP.

NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease):  the accumulation of fat by liver cells sufficient to significantly downgrade their various functions.  The NHANES survey 2011 found NAFLD in 30% of adult population—similar % for Europe. 

Type-2 diabetes (T2D): occurs when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin to lower glucose to its normal range; it results from chronic IR and the accumulation of fat in the pancreas which eventually causes the decline in insulin.

. Each portion of food contained 240 Calories—score relative to white bread which was set at 100

Peanuts                   20

 

Fish                            59

 

Grapes                           82

Eggs                          31

 

Oranges                    69

 

Crackers                         87

All bran                    32

 

Potato chips            61

 

Ice cream                       89

Porridge                  40

 

Brown rice               62  

 

Cookies                          92

Brown Pasta          40

 

Special K                   66

 

Whole Bread                96

White Pasta           40

 

Honey smacks         67

 

White Bread               100

Cheese                    45

 

Coco Pops                71 

 

Yogurt sweetened    115

Granola plain         46

 

French Fries             74

 

Baked Beans can       120

Beef                         51

 

Corn Flakes              75

 

Potatoes                      121

Popcorn                  54

 

Croissants                79

 

Mars Bar                      122

Grain bread            56

 

White Rice               79

 

Jelly Beans                  160

Lentils                      58

 

Bananas                   81

 

Fats                                  10

Apples                     59

 

Cake                          82

 

 

Table from link, and detailed explanation of the testing.

Net Carbs while on Atkins ketogenic diet—easy table by JK                           

Net Carbs = total carbohydrates minus fiber content in grams (avoid those in red)

Egg 1 = 0.4 grams

Seafood 6 oz. = 0

Meats 6 oz. = 0

Poultry 6 oz. = 0

Oils 6 oz. = 0

 

Dairy

American processed 1 slice 1.5 grams

Cheeses 1 oz. = 0.7

Cottage cheese ˝ c = 5

Cream 1 T  = 0.4

Cream cheese 2 T = 1.2

Milk 1 c = 11.7 to 15

Yogurt plain 1 c = 11.6

Greek Yogurt plain 1 c =  9

 

Raw Vegetables

Avocado ˝ = 2 grams

Bell pepper green ˝ c= 2.2

Bell pepper red ˝ c =3

Broccoli ˝ c = 1

Cabbage shredded ˝ c = 1.1

Celery stalk = 1

Cauliflower florets ˝ c = 1.4

Cucumber ˝ c = 1

Green beans ˝ c = 2

Nuts

Almonds 24 = 2.5 grams

Brazil 6 = 1.4

Cashews 2 T = 5.1

Mixed nuts 2 T = 2

Peanuts 2 T = 1.4

Pecans 1 oz. = 1.2

Walnuts 1 oz. 1.2

 

Lettice 1 c = 0.36

Olives black 5 = 0.7

Olives green 5 = 0.0

Onion 2 tbs. = 1

Spinach 1 c = 0.2

Squash summer ˝ c    2.6

Tomato 1 med = 3.0

Tomato juice 1c = 8

For those off

the induction

(ketogenic) phase

Fruits

Apple med = 8 grams

Banana med = 30

Blueberries ˝ c = 9

Dates dried 1 oz = 21

Fig dried med = 6

Grapes 1 c = 26

Grapefruit ˝ = 9

Melon cantaloupe 1 c  = 12

Orange navel med =15

Peach med = 15

Pear med = 20

Strawberry 5 lg = 5

Legumes

Black bean home cooked 1 c = 8

Canned baked beans 1c = 36

Kidney home cooked 1c = 11

Pinto bean home cooked 1c = 25

Soybean white 1c =10

Vegetables not  leafy

Beets steamed 1c  = 13

Carrots steamed 1c = 8

Corn on cob med steamed 15

Eggplant 1c = 5

Olive cured 7 = 1

Onion 1 c = 12

Peas 1 c = 14

Potato med with skin = 26

Rice brown 1 c = 43

Snow peas ˝ c cooked = 2.7

Squash acorn 1 c = 21

Squash zucchini 1c = 3

Sweet potato med = 20

Also avoid refined carbs, high carbs, and like such as in chips, breads, pasta, soda, all juices and sweetened drinks, most deserts.  Since goal is low insulin, limit protein to about 35 grams woman and 45 average size man.

Net carbs, from the food label simply subtract fiber from total carbohydrates

On the Atkins website (http://files.atkins.com/1501_CarbCounter_Online.pdf) is an extensive table of net carbs.  Remember that food manufacturers add sugar to nearly every product plus many of them have various forms of starch as filler and thickening agent (starch is pure glucose). 

Leptin “the "satiety hormone,"[a] is a hormone made by adipose cells [fat] that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger. Leptin is opposed by the actions of the hormone ghrelin, the "hunger hormone". Both hormones act on receptors in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus to regulate appetite to achieve energy homeostasis.[2] In obesity, a decreased sensitivity to leptin occurs, resulting in an inability to detect satiety despite high energy stores[3]Wiki.   Leptin Resistance entails a resistance in cells to leptin, and therefore the secretion of an excess of leptin in the blood which causes eating more food to produce satiety.  Leptin also functions to lower metabolism when on a diet so as to maintain the current or to return to the former level of fat storage. 

Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs): specialists who rise to top positions in their area of expertise.  In fields relevant to business the norm is their KOLs violate the standards of science to produce studies and spread business-favorable spin.  The term is used in to connote  bad conduct.  Pharma has used KOLs along with regulatory capture to produce a drug disaster while selling it to medical students, physicians, politicians, and the public as cutting edge science.   See Prof Marcia Angell lecture below.

***** Sugar White Poison:  an amazing expose on this toxic stuff  18 min, 141,800 views, Australian Broadcast Corp, the condensed, plain language, account of how the refined carbs & fructose are at the heart of the obesity, diabetes pandemics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBp_dMIMryM FIRST CHOICE

*****The Complete Skinny on Obesity 58 min, 288,000 views, University California TV (UCTV), Dr. Robert Lustig Prof USF, great graphic, documentary, ask how did we get so fat, from 10% to 40% in 10 years, on addiction and the biology of weight gain.  Fats not the problem but carbs and sugar, especially fructose.  General audience http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moQZd1-BC0Y Lustig’s best, FOURTH CHOICE

***** Low carb diet:  Fat or Friction 29 min, 357,600 views, Australian Broadcast Corp (ABC), for large audience, on how the low carb diet (thus high-fat diet) prevents and cures obesity and type-2-diabetes—the New Atkins diet (below).  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNUh7P3TrAE  THIRD CHOICE excellent

***** Enjoy Eating Saturated Fats:  They’re Good for You 53 min, 262,000 views. Prof. Donald Miller, surgery, cardiothoracic division, University of Washington.  Clear well organized college lecture with graphics and lots of information, given to audience of physicians, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRe9z32NZHY  8th, very good

*****Therapeutic Fasting—Solving the Two Compartment Problem 36 min, 141,000 views, Dr. Jason Fung lecture on the yo-yo diet, explains why the long-term obese early always gains back most or more of the weight that they lost within a few years, metabolism drops and they “feel like shit”.  Leads to the biology of fat storage. Solution is low carbs and fasting  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIuj-oMN-Fk Excellent

***** President’s Lecture Series 2009-2010, 78 min, 27,600 views MD.  Marcia Angell PhD Harvard, based on her best-selling book, “The Truth About Drug Companies and how they deceive us”   Her lecture with slides is an example of clarity, organization, and logical use of examples to illustrate points all of which show the ways pharma and corporate media deceives the public,  “educates” doctors, and influences regulators.  The information system is broken https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDbQNBla6aU  highly recommended

***** Making a Killing, the Untold Story of Psychotropic Drugs 95 min 669,000 view. How pharma controls the information, medical associations, sets guidelines through their KOLs, & pushes very addicting sedatives as safe and effective, which make people violent https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rk-ryvdWPgw  excellent

 

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Harvard Prof. Dr. Marcia Angell: “We certainly are in a health care crisis, ... If we had set out to design the worst system that we could imagine, we couldn't have imagined one as bad as we have.”